{"id":3764,"date":"2023-07-17T16:37:16","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T14:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.robotec.sk\/welding\/?p=3764"},"modified":"2023-07-18T14:06:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T12:06:19","slug":"rucne-laserove-zvaranie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.robotec.sk\/welding\/rucne-laserove-zvaranie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ru\u010dn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ru\u010dn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Ru\u010dn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie sa st\u00e1va \u010doraz popul\u00e1rnej\u0161ou met\u00f3dou sp\u00e1jania materi\u00e1lov. V niektor\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach sa mu celkom \u00faspe\u0161ne dar\u00ed nahr\u00e1dza\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy obl\u00fakov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania. Jeho vyu\u017eite le\u017e\u00ed najm\u00e4 v oblasti zv\u00e1rania materi\u00e1lov do hr\u00fabky 5 mm.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eitie laserovej technol\u00f3gie v oblasti ru\u010dn\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00face sa po\u017eiadavky na kvalitu, produktivitu a opakovate\u013enos\u0165 technologick\u00e9ho procesu vytvorili potrebu rozvoja laserovej technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e1 pre\u0161la postupn\u00fdm zdokona\u013eovan\u00edm samotnej met\u00f3dy, zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm v\u00fdkonu a zmen\u0161ovan\u00edm laserov\u00fdch zdrojov, ako aj laserov\u00fdch zv\u00e1rac\u00edch hl\u00e1v. To umo\u017enilo prienik laserovej technol\u00f3gie do oblasti ru\u010dn\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pre ru\u010dn\u00e9 aj automatizovan\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie sa vyu\u017e\u00edva naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vl\u00e1knov\u00fd laser, ktor\u00fd je najmodernej\u0161\u00edm variantom pevnovl\u00e1knov\u00e9ho laseru. Existuje viacero met\u00f3d laserov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania. Jednou z nich je rozmetanie laserov\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zku – takzvan\u00fd wobling. Pri tejto met\u00f3de doch\u00e1dza k vychy\u013eovaniu laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e4zku pomocou zrkadiel. Vytv\u00e1ra sa mikropohyb, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu je mo\u017en\u00e9 korigova\u0165 \u0161\u00edrku zvaru, mikro\u0161trukt\u00faru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zmen\u0161i\u0165 mno\u017estvo vznikaj\u00facich ch\u00fdb vo zvarovom spoji.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ru\u010dn\u00e9<\/a><\/div><\/div>
\"Kompaktn\u00e1<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

\u010co je to laser?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Laser je zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 generuje monochromatick\u00e9 koherentn\u00e9 elektromagnetick\u00e9 \u017eiarenie pomocou stimulovanej emisie fot\u00f3nov. Laserov\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d je vlastne zv\u00e4zok fot\u00f3nov s\u00fastreden\u00fd do ve\u013emi mal\u00e9ho bodu. Pri dopade sfokusovan\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zku laserov\u00e9ho l\u00fa\u010da na materi\u00e1l umiestnen\u00fd v ohnisku sa \u010das\u0165 \u017eiarenia odraz\u00ed, \u010das\u0165 prech\u00e1dza materi\u00e1lom a \u010das\u0165 sa absorbuje. Absorbovan\u00e9 \u017eiarenie sp\u00f4sobuje siln\u00e9 ohriatie materi\u00e1lu, jeho tavenie a odparovanie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Princ\u00edp<\/a><\/div><\/div>
\"Princ\u00edp<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

PREDNOSTI LASEROV\u00c9HO ZV\u00c1RANIA<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie vyu\u017e\u00edva na sp\u00e1janie materi\u00e1lov vysoko energetick\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa oproti be\u017en\u00fdm met\u00f3dam zv\u00e1rania viacero v\u00fdhod.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Laserov\u00e1

Ru\u010dn\u00e1 laserov\u00e1 zv\u00e1ra\u010dka Herolaser s pod\u00e1va\u010dom dr\u00f4tu.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Vysok\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 zv\u00e1rania<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie je v prvom rade vysoko r\u00fdchla a efekt\u00edvna met\u00f3da sp\u00e1jania materi\u00e1lov. V porovnan\u00ed s be\u017en\u00fdm obl\u00fakov\u00fdm zv\u00e1ran\u00edm dosahuje zv\u00e1ranie laserom a\u017e desa\u0165 kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161iu r\u00fdchlos\u0165. Rozdiel je najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed pri materi\u00e1loch do hr\u00fabky 2 mm. Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zv\u00e1ranie nerezov\u00e9ho plechu s hr\u00fabkou 1 mm, ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 pri laserovom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed zavari\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 50 mm\/s. Ak by sme pou\u017eili met\u00f3du TIG, bola by zv\u00e1racia r\u00fdchlos\u0165 len cca. 3 mm\/s. Laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie teda pom\u00e1ha zvy\u0161ova\u0165 produktivitu skr\u00e1ten\u00edm \u010dasu potrebn\u00e9ho na zv\u00e1ranie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prec\u00edznos\u0165<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Laserov\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 s\u00fastreden\u00fd do mal\u00e9ho bodu, \u010do rob\u00ed z laserov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania ve\u013emi prec\u00edznou met\u00f3du. Oper\u00e1tori m\u00f4\u017eu zv\u00e1ra\u0165 aj mal\u00e9 zvarence, pri\u010dom maj\u00fa ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu kontrolu nad intenzitou a zameran\u00edm energie ako pri obl\u00fakovom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 zvary s\u00fa \u010dist\u00e9, presn\u00e9, s malou alebo \u017eiadnou p\u00f3rovitos\u0165ou \u010di prasklinami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kvalita zvaru<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ru\u010dn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie je tepeln\u00e9 tavn\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie. V porovnan\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00fdm zv\u00e1ran\u00edm m\u00e1 laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie vy\u0161\u0161iu hustotu energie, preto n\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 lep\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky zv\u00e1rania. Zv\u00e1ran\u00fd materi\u00e1l m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazne men\u0161iu teplom ovplyvnen\u00fa z\u00f3nu. Deform\u00e1cie a stopy na materi\u00e1ly s\u00fa minim\u00e1lne, pri\u010dom prievar je dostato\u010dne hlbok\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Makro\u0161trukt\u00fara

Makro\u0161trukt\u00fara spoja na austenitickej oceli s hr\u00fabkou 4 mm dokazuje dokonal\u00fd prievar dosiahnut\u00fd pri laserovom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Vizu\u00e1lna dokonalos\u0165 a \u010distota zvaru<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Laserov\u00fdm zv\u00e1ran\u00edm m\u00f4\u017eeme jednoducho dosiahnu\u0165 \u010dist\u00e9 a poh\u013eadovo dokonal\u00e9 zvary. Zatia\u013e \u010do pri obl\u00fakovom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 zvary \u010dasto br\u00fasi\u0165 a \u010disti\u0165, pri laserovom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zvary hne\u010f poh\u013eadovo pekn\u00e9, bez rozstreku a hladk\u00e9. Minimalizuj\u00fa sa t\u00fdm dokon\u010dovacie oper\u00e1cie po zv\u00e1ran\u00ed, \u010do sa prejavuje v \u00faspore \u010dasu a s t\u00fdm spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pou\u017eitia<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Laser mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na zv\u00e1ranie r\u00f4znych typov materi\u00e1lov. Daj\u00fa sa s n\u00edm zv\u00e1ra\u0165 n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e9 a austenitick\u00e9 nehrdzavej\u00face ocele, hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 zliatiny, hor\u010d\u00edkov\u00e9 zliatiny, tit\u00e1nov\u00e9 zliatiny, zliatiny medi a zliatiny niklu. Umo\u017e\u0148uje aj sp\u00e1janie materi\u00e1lov r\u00f4znej hr\u00fabky. Jednou z prednost\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania je aj schopnos\u0165 sp\u00e1jania dvoch heterog\u00e9nnych, \u010di\u017ee rozdielnych, materi\u00e1lov. Napr\u00edklad medi a nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele. Tak\u00fdto spoj by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 met\u00f3dou TIG dosiahnu\u0165.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Poloha zv\u00e1rania nehr\u00e1 ro\u013eu. Ru\u010dnou zv\u00e1racou hlavou m\u00f4\u017eete zv\u00e1ra\u0165 v akejko\u013evek polohe. R\u00fdchlo a efekt\u00edvne pozv\u00e1rate aj komplikovan\u00e9 zvarence. Laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 pri stehovan\u00ed, zv\u00e1ran\u00ed tup\u00fdch, k\u00fatov\u00fdch aj lemov\u00fdch zvarov. Laserov\u00fd zdroj zvl\u00e1dne dokonca aj reza\u0165 a \u010disti\u0165 povrch materi\u00e1lu. Sta\u010d\u00ed jednoducho vymeni\u0165 meden\u00fa d\u00fdzu na zv\u00e1racej hlave.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minim\u00e1lne prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

V porovnan\u00ed s obl\u00fakov\u00fdm zv\u00e1ran\u00edm sa n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pribli\u017ene o 30%. Laserov\u00e1 zv\u00e1racia hlava m\u00e1 minimum spotrebn\u00fdch dielov. Zv\u00e1racie hubice maj\u00fa dlh\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165. Optick\u00fd syst\u00e9m je chr\u00e1nen\u00fd \u013eahko vymenite\u013enou ochrannou \u0161o\u0161ovkou. Ochrann\u00fdm plynom je zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a dus\u00edk.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina spojov sa zv\u00e1ra bez zvarovej medzery. Ak to v\u0161ak aplik\u00e1cia vy\u017eaduje m\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fdm je \u0161tandardn\u00fd zv\u00e1rac\u00ed dr\u00f4t.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Obsluha laserovej zv\u00e1ra\u010dky a technika zv\u00e1rania nie je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Be\u017en\u00ed pracovn\u00edci sa m\u00f4\u017eu po kr\u00e1tkom za\u0161kolen\u00ed pusti\u0165 do pr\u00e1ce a m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eahko dosiahnu\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zv\u00e1rania. V pr\u00edpade potreby je mo\u017en\u00e9 proces pomerne \u013eahko automatizova\u0165.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dlh\u00fd dosah<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ru\u010dn\u00e1 zv\u00e1racia hlava je vybaven\u00e1 optick\u00fdm vl\u00e1knom s d\u013a\u017ekou 10 m a\u017e 15 m, ktor\u00e9 prekon\u00e1va obmedzenie priestoru pracovn\u00e9ho stola a mo\u017eno ho pou\u017ei\u0165 na zv\u00e1ranie na pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

NOV\u00c1 PROGRES\u00cdVNA MET\u00d3DA SP\u00c1JANIA MATERI\u00c1LOV\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Presnos\u0165, r\u00fdchlos\u0165, mal\u00e9 deform\u00e1cie, \u010distota zvaru, v\u0161estrannos\u0165, hospod\u00e1rnos\u0165 a n\u00edzke n\u00e1roky na \u00fadr\u017ebu robia z laserov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania atrakt\u00edvnu met\u00f3du sp\u00e1jania materi\u00e1lov. Laserov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie sa neust\u00e1le zdokona\u013euje a m\u00f4\u017eeme o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee sa t\u00e1to efekt\u00edvna technol\u00f3gia za\u010dne \u010doraz viac presadzova\u0165 v r\u00f4znych oblastiach priemyselnej v\u00fdroby. Samozrejme pri dodr\u017ean\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch nariaden\u00ed oh\u013eadom bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany zdravia pri pr\u00e1ci s ru\u010dn\u00fdm laserov\u00fdm zv\u00e1rac\u00edm zdrojom.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

Zisti viac<\/span><\/a><\/div>
\"Ru\u010dn\u00e9<\/a><\/div><\/div>
\"Ru\u010dn\u00e9<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/div>
\"Zv\u00e1ranie<\/a><\/div><\/div>
\"\u010cist\u00e9<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/div>
\"Makro\u0161trukt\u00fara<\/a><\/div><\/div>
\"Kompaktn\u00e1<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t

Najnov\u0161ie \u010dl\u00e1nky<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t